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Virginia criminal charge

Identity theft in Virginia

Current through 2026 Virginia legislative session

Identity theft is a criminal offense under Virginia law, defined by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3. Its classification is not fixed: Virginia assigns a different penalty class depending on the circumstances of the offense. The class that applies — and the sentencing range that follows from it — depends on which statutory variant fits the facts.

Defined by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3.

What is the penalty for identity theft in Virginia?

Penalties for Identity theft
PenaltyRangeBasisAuthority
Jail / prisonup to 12 months (Identity theft — base offense — Any violation of this section not resulting in financial loss of $1,000 or more and not otherwise enhanced.)discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-11
Fineup to $2,500 (Identity theft — base offense — Any violation of this section not resulting in financial loss of $1,000 or more and not otherwise enhanced.; either or both with confinement (§ 18.2-11(a)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-11
Jail / prison1 years to 5 years (Identity theft — financial loss of $1,000 or more — Any violation resulting in financial loss of $1,000 or more.; or, at the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, confinement in jail for not more than 12 months and a fine of not more than $2,500, either or both (§ 18.2-10(f)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Fineup to $2,500 (Identity theft — financial loss of $1,000 or more — Any violation resulting in financial loss of $1,000 or more.; with the jail-confinement alternative under § 18.2-10(f))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Jail / prison1 years to 5 years (Identity theft — second or subsequent conviction — Any second or subsequent conviction under this section.; or, at the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, confinement in jail for not more than 12 months and a fine of not more than $2,500, either or both (§ 18.2-10(f)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Fineup to $2,500 (Identity theft — second or subsequent conviction — Any second or subsequent conviction under this section.; with the jail-confinement alternative under § 18.2-10(f))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Jail / prison1 years to 10 years (Identity theft — subsection B, 5 or more persons' information — Violation of subsection B where identifying information of five or more persons was obtained, recorded, or accessed in the same transaction or occurrence.; or, at the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, confinement in jail for not more than 12 months and a fine of not more than $2,500, either or both (§ 18.2-10(e)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Fineup to $2,500 (Identity theft — subsection B, 5 or more persons' information — Violation of subsection B where identifying information of five or more persons was obtained, recorded, or accessed in the same transaction or occurrence.; with the jail-confinement alternative under § 18.2-10(e))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Jail / prison2 years to 10 years (Identity theft — subsection B, 50 or more persons' information — Violation of subsection B where identifying information of 50 or more persons was obtained, recorded, or accessed in the same transaction or occurrence.)mandatoryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Fineup to $100,000 (Identity theft — subsection B, 50 or more persons' information — Violation of subsection B where identifying information of 50 or more persons was obtained, recorded, or accessed in the same transaction or occurrence.; only together with imprisonment (§ 18.2-10(g)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Jail / prison1 years to 10 years (Identity theft — resulting in wrongful arrest/detention — Violation resulting in the arrest and detention of the person whose identification documents or identifying information were used to avoid summons, arrest, prosecution, or to impede a criminal investigation.; or, at the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, confinement in jail for not more than 12 months and a fine of not more than $2,500, either or both (§ 18.2-10(e)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Fineup to $2,500 (Identity theft — resulting in wrongful arrest/detention — Violation resulting in the arrest and detention of the person whose identification documents or identifying information were used to avoid summons, arrest, prosecution, or to impede a criminal investigation.; with the jail-confinement alternative under § 18.2-10(e))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10

Applies to current.

How is identity theft classified in Virginia?

The classification depends on the circumstances:

Classification variants for Identity theft
VariantClassificationWhen it appliesStatute
Identity theft — base offenseclass 1 misdemeanorAny violation of this section not resulting in financial loss of $1,000 or more and not otherwise enhanced.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3D
Identity theft — financial loss of $1,000 or moreclass 6 felonyAny violation resulting in financial loss of $1,000 or more.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3D
Identity theft — second or subsequent convictionclass 6 felonyAny second or subsequent conviction under this section.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3D
Identity theft — subsection B, 5 or more persons' informationclass 5 felonyViolation of subsection B where identifying information of five or more persons was obtained, recorded, or accessed in the same transaction or occurrence.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3D
Identity theft — subsection B, 50 or more persons' informationclass 4 felonyViolation of subsection B where identifying information of 50 or more persons was obtained, recorded, or accessed in the same transaction or occurrence.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3D
Identity theft — resulting in wrongful arrest/detentionclass 5 felonyViolation resulting in the arrest and detention of the person whose identification documents or identifying information were used to avoid summons, arrest, prosecution, or to impede a criminal investigation.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3D

Common questions about identity theft in Virginia

Is identity theft a felony or a misdemeanor in Virginia?

It depends on the circumstances: identity theft ranges from a class 1 misdemeanor to a class 4 felony in Virginia under Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3.

Identity theft — base offense: class 1 misdemeanor (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3D) · Identity theft — financial loss of $1,000 or more: class 6 felony (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3D) · Identity theft — second or subsequent conviction: class 6 felony (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3D) · Identity theft — subsection B, 5 or more persons' information: class 5 felony (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3D) · Identity theft — subsection B, 50 or more persons' information: class 4 felony (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3D) · Identity theft — resulting in wrongful arrest/detention: class 5 felony (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3D)

What are the penalties for identity theft in Virginia?

Penalties for identity theft in Virginia depend on how it is classified — from a class 1 misdemeanor up to a class 4 felony — with the ranges set by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-11 and Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-10; the full table of ranges by variant is published on this page.

Which Virginia statute covers identity theft?

Identity theft is governed by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-186.3 (Identity theft; penalty; restitution; victim assistance).

Legal terms used in this law

This reference is informational and is not legal advice. Penalty ranges are the statutory classification ranges; sentencing in a specific case depends on its facts and history.