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Virginia criminal charge

Impersonating law-enforcement officer in Virginia

Current through 2026 Virginia legislative session

Impersonating law-enforcement officer is a criminal offense under Virginia law, defined by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174. Its classification is not fixed: Virginia assigns a different penalty class depending on the circumstances of the offense. The class that applies — and the sentencing range that follows from it — depends on which statutory variant fits the facts.

Defined by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174.

What is the penalty for impersonating law-enforcement officer in Virginia?

Penalties for Impersonating law-enforcement officer
PenaltyRangeBasisAuthority
Jail / prisonup to 12 months (Impersonating law-enforcement officer — first offense — First offense of falsely assuming or exercising the functions of a law-enforcement officer, or falsely pretending to be one for purposes of deception.)discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-11
Fineup to $2,500 (Impersonating law-enforcement officer — first offense — First offense of falsely assuming or exercising the functions of a law-enforcement officer, or falsely pretending to be one for purposes of deception.; either or both with confinement (§ 18.2-11(a)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-11
Jail / prison1 years to 5 years (Impersonating law-enforcement officer — second or subsequent offense — Second or subsequent conviction for falsely assuming or pretending to be a law-enforcement officer under subsection A.; or, at the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, confinement in jail for not more than 12 months and a fine of not more than $2,500, either or both (§ 18.2-10(f)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Fineup to $2,500 (Impersonating law-enforcement officer — second or subsequent offense — Second or subsequent conviction for falsely assuming or pretending to be a law-enforcement officer under subsection A.; with the jail-confinement alternative under § 18.2-10(f))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Jail / prison1 years to 10 years (Impersonating law-enforcement officer while wearing facial covering — first offense — Violation of subsection A committed while the offender is wearing a facial covering that conceals identity.; or, at the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, confinement in jail for not more than 12 months and a fine of not more than $2,500, either or both (§ 18.2-10(e)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Fineup to $2,500 (Impersonating law-enforcement officer while wearing facial covering — first offense — Violation of subsection A committed while the offender is wearing a facial covering that conceals identity.; with the jail-confinement alternative under § 18.2-10(e))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Jail / prison2 years to 10 years (Impersonating law-enforcement officer while wearing facial covering — second or subsequent offense — Second or subsequent violation of subsection B, committed while wearing a facial covering.)mandatoryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Fineup to $100,000 (Impersonating law-enforcement officer while wearing facial covering — second or subsequent offense — Second or subsequent violation of subsection B, committed while wearing a facial covering.; only together with imprisonment (§ 18.2-10(g)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Jail / prison1 years to 5 years (Impersonating law-enforcement officer during specified crime or security bypass — first offense — Violation of subsection A committed while committing or attempting specified offenses (e.g., murder, robbery, sexual assault) or while circumventing security measures of certain properties.; or, at the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, confinement in jail for not more than 12 months and a fine of not more than $2,500, either or both (§ 18.2-10(f)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Fineup to $2,500 (Impersonating law-enforcement officer during specified crime or security bypass — first offense — Violation of subsection A committed while committing or attempting specified offenses (e.g., murder, robbery, sexual assault) or while circumventing security measures of certain properties.; with the jail-confinement alternative under § 18.2-10(f))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Jail / prison1 years to 10 years (Impersonating law-enforcement officer during specified crime or security bypass — second or subsequent offense — Second or subsequent violation of subsection C, involving the same aggravating circumstances.; or, at the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, confinement in jail for not more than 12 months and a fine of not more than $2,500, either or both (§ 18.2-10(e)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Fineup to $2,500 (Impersonating law-enforcement officer during specified crime or security bypass — second or subsequent offense — Second or subsequent violation of subsection C, involving the same aggravating circumstances.; with the jail-confinement alternative under § 18.2-10(e))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10

Applies to current.

How is impersonating law-enforcement officer classified in Virginia?

The classification depends on the circumstances:

Classification variants for Impersonating law-enforcement officer
VariantClassificationWhen it appliesStatute
Impersonating law-enforcement officer — first offenseClass 1 MisdemeanorFirst offense of falsely assuming or exercising the functions of a law-enforcement officer, or falsely pretending to be one for purposes of deception.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174A
Impersonating law-enforcement officer — second or subsequent offenseClass 6 FelonySecond or subsequent conviction for falsely assuming or pretending to be a law-enforcement officer under subsection A.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174A
Impersonating law-enforcement officer while wearing facial covering — first offenseClass 5 FelonyViolation of subsection A committed while the offender is wearing a facial covering that conceals identity.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174B
Impersonating law-enforcement officer while wearing facial covering — second or subsequent offenseClass 4 FelonySecond or subsequent violation of subsection B, committed while wearing a facial covering.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174B
Impersonating law-enforcement officer during specified crime or security bypass — first offenseClass 6 FelonyViolation of subsection A committed while committing or attempting specified offenses (e.g., murder, robbery, sexual assault) or while circumventing security measures of certain properties.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174C
Impersonating law-enforcement officer during specified crime or security bypass — second or subsequent offenseClass 5 FelonySecond or subsequent violation of subsection C, involving the same aggravating circumstances.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174C

Common questions about impersonating law-enforcement officer in Virginia

Is impersonating law-enforcement officer a felony or a misdemeanor in Virginia?

It depends on the circumstances: impersonating law-enforcement officer ranges from a class 1 misdemeanor to a class 4 felony in Virginia under Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174.

Impersonating law-enforcement officer — first offense: class 1 misdemeanor (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174A) · Impersonating law-enforcement officer — second or subsequent offense: class 6 felony (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174A) · Impersonating law-enforcement officer while wearing facial covering — first offense: class 5 felony (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174B) · Impersonating law-enforcement officer while wearing facial covering — second or subsequent offense: class 4 felony (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174B) · Impersonating law-enforcement officer during specified crime or security bypass — first offense: class 6 felony (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174C) · Impersonating law-enforcement officer during specified crime or security bypass — second or subsequent offense: class 5 felony (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174C)

What are the penalties for impersonating law-enforcement officer in Virginia?

Penalties for impersonating law-enforcement officer in Virginia depend on how it is classified — from a class 1 misdemeanor up to a class 4 felony — with the ranges set by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-11 and Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-10; the full table of ranges by variant is published on this page.

Which Virginia statute covers impersonating law-enforcement officer?

Impersonating law-enforcement officer is governed by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-174 (Impersonating law-enforcement officer; penalties).

Legal terms used in this law

This reference is informational and is not legal advice. Penalty ranges are the statutory classification ranges; sentencing in a specific case depends on its facts and history.