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Virginia criminal charge

Unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders in Virginia

Current through 2026 Virginia legislative session

Unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders is a criminal offense under Virginia law, defined by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-196.1. Its classification is not fixed: Virginia assigns a different penalty class depending on the circumstances of the offense. The class that applies — and the sentencing range that follows from it — depends on which statutory variant fits the facts.

Defined by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-196.1.

What is the penalty for unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders in Virginia?

Penalties for Unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders
PenaltyRangeBasisAuthority
Jail / prisonup to 12 months (Base offense - unauthorized use of scanning device or re-encoder — A person with malicious intent uses a scanning device or re-encoder on another's payment card without the authorized user's permission.)discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-11
Fineup to $2,500 (Base offense - unauthorized use of scanning device or re-encoder — A person with malicious intent uses a scanning device or re-encoder on another's payment card without the authorized user's permission.; either or both with confinement (§ 18.2-11(a)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-11
Jail / prison1 years to 5 years (Selling or distributing scanned information — A person violates this section and sells or distributes the obtained payment card information to another.; or, at the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, confinement in jail for not more than 12 months and a fine of not more than $2,500, either or both (§ 18.2-10(f)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Fineup to $2,500 (Selling or distributing scanned information — A person violates this section and sells or distributes the obtained payment card information to another.; with the jail-confinement alternative under § 18.2-10(f))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Jail / prison1 years to 5 years (Using scanned information in commission of another crime — A person violates this section and uses the obtained payment card information in the commission of another crime.; or, at the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, confinement in jail for not more than 12 months and a fine of not more than $2,500, either or both (§ 18.2-10(f)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Fineup to $2,500 (Using scanned information in commission of another crime — A person violates this section and uses the obtained payment card information in the commission of another crime.; with the jail-confinement alternative under § 18.2-10(f))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10

Applies to current.

How is unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders classified in Virginia?

The classification depends on the circumstances:

Classification variants for Unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders
VariantClassificationWhen it appliesStatute
Base offense - unauthorized use of scanning device or re-encoderClass 1 MisdemeanorA person with malicious intent uses a scanning device or re-encoder on another's payment card without the authorized user's permission.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-196.1A
Selling or distributing scanned informationClass 6 FelonyA person violates this section and sells or distributes the obtained payment card information to another.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-196.1B
Using scanned information in commission of another crimeClass 6 FelonyA person violates this section and uses the obtained payment card information in the commission of another crime.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-196.1C

Common questions about unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders in Virginia

Is unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders a felony or a misdemeanor in Virginia?

It depends on the circumstances: unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders ranges from a class 1 misdemeanor to a class 6 felony in Virginia under Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-196.1.

Base offense - unauthorized use of scanning device or re-encoder: class 1 misdemeanor (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-196.1A) · Selling or distributing scanned information: class 6 felony (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-196.1B) · Using scanned information in commission of another crime: class 6 felony (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-196.1C)

What are the penalties for unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders in Virginia?

Penalties for unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders in Virginia depend on how it is classified — from a class 1 misdemeanor up to a class 6 felony — with the ranges set by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-11 and Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-10; the full table of ranges by variant is published on this page.

Which Virginia statute covers unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders?

Unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders is governed by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-196.1 (Unlawful use of payment card scanning devices and re-encoders; penalty).

Legal terms used in this law

This reference is informational and is not legal advice. Penalty ranges are the statutory classification ranges; sentencing in a specific case depends on its facts and history.