New Jersey statute
N.J.S.A. 2C:20-39 — Participation in pyramid promotional scheme, crime, penalties
Current through P.L.2025, c.346, and J.R.22
Part of Chapter 20, New Jersey Statutes.
Criminal charges under this statute
Full text of N.J.S.A. 2C:20-39
Statutory text current through the P.L.2025, c.346, and J.R.22. This publication reproduces the official text of the New Jersey Statutes from the statute files published by the New Jersey Legislature; it is not the official statutes of the State of New Jersey.
1. a. (1) A person is a leader of a pyramid promotional scheme if he conspires with any other person as an organizer, supervisor, financier, or manager to engage in a scheme or course of conduct by which a person gives consideration for the opportunity to receive compensation that is derived primarily from a person's introduction of another person to participate in the scheme or course of conduct rather than from the sale of a product by a person introduced into the scheme or course of conduct. Leader of a pyramid promotional scheme is a crime of the second degree. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection a. of N.J.S.2C:43-3, the court may impose a fine not to exceed $250,000.
(2) A person is a recruiter for a pyramid promotional scheme if he solicits or induces any other person to participate in a scheme or course of conduct by which a person gives consideration for the opportunity to receive compensation that is derived primarily from a person's introduction of another person to participate in the scheme or course of conduct rather than from the sale of a product by a person introduced into the scheme or course of conduct. Recruiter for a pyramid promotional scheme is a crime of the fourth degree.
b. It is an affirmative defense to a prosecution for a violation of paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection a. of this section if the defendant proves by a preponderance of the evidence all of the following:
(1) participants in the scheme or course of conduct give consideration in return for the right to receive compensation based upon purchases of goods, services, or intangible property by participants for personal use, consumption, or resale;
(2) the scheme or course of conduct does not promote inventory loading; and
(3) the scheme or course of conduct implements an inventory repurchase program as set forth in subsection c. of this section.
c. To qualify as an inventory repurchase program for the purposes of subsection b. of this section, there shall be an enforceable agreement by the business enterprise to repurchase all unencumbered products that are in commercially resalable condition at a price not less than 90 percent of the amount actually paid by the participant for the products being returned, less any reasonable consideration as may have been received by the participant for the purchase of the products being returned. In the case of consumable or durable goods, a product is in commercially resalable condition if it is unopened, unused, and within its commercially reasonable use or shelf-life period. A product that is no longer marketed by the business enterprise because it is a discontinued, seasonal, or special promotional item shall be considered commercially resalable, unless before the participant purchased the product it was clearly disclosed to the participant and the participant acknowledged in writing that the product was sold as a discontinued, seasonal, or special promotional item and would not be returnable. In the case of service products and intangible property, including Internet websites, the unexpired portion of any contract or agreement shall be deemed commercially resalable, and the repurchase of any service products shall be on a pro rata basis. Additionally, there shall be a clear description of the inventory repurchase program in any recruiting literature or sales manual provided to participants prior to their entry into the scheme or course of conduct, and the details of the inventory repurchase program, including the manner in which the repurchase is exercised, shall be memorialized in the contract that obligated participation in the scheme or course of conduct.
d. Nothing in subsection a. of this section shall be construed to prohibit any scheme or course of conduct based solely upon the fact that participants in the scheme or course of conduct give consideration in return for the right to receive compensation based upon purchases of goods, services, or intangible property by participants for personal use, consumption, or resale.
e. Notwithstanding the provisions of N.J.S.2C:1-8, a conviction of leader of a pyramid promotional scheme shall not merge with the conviction for any offense which is the object of the conspiracy.
f. Nothing contained in this act shall prohibit the court from imposing an extended term pursuant to N.J.S.2C:43-7, nor shall this act be construed in any way to preclude or limit the prosecution or conviction of any person for conspiracy under N.J.S.2C:5-2 or for any other offense.
g. As used in this section:
"Compensation" means payment of any money, thing of value, or financial benefit.
"Consideration" means the payment of cash or the purchase of goods, services, or intangible property, but does not include the purchase of goods or services furnished at cost to be used in making sales and not for resale, or the time and effort spent in pursuit of sales or recruiting activities.
"Financier" means a person who, with the intent to derive a profit, provides money or credit or other thing of value in order to finance the operations of a scheme or course of conduct.
"Inventory" includes both goods and services, including but not limited to promotional materials, sales aids, and sales kits produced by or on behalf of the scheme or those engaged in the course of conduct that are offered to participants for purchase by the scheme or those engaged in the course of conduct.
"Inventory loading" means actions that require or encourage participants in a scheme or course of conduct to purchase inventory in an amount that exceeds that which a participant can reasonably be expected to resell for ultimate consumption or, if purchased for the participant's own use or consumption, can reasonably be expected to use or consume within a reasonable time period.
L.2017, c.74, s.1.
Official sources
Legal terms used in this section
Questions this section answers
What degree of offense is participation in pyramid promotional scheme, crime, penalties in New Jersey?
It depends on the circumstances: participation in pyramid promotional scheme, crime, penalties ranges from a crime of the fourth degree to a crime of the second degree in New Jersey under N.J.S.A. 2C:20-39.
Leader of a pyramid promotional scheme: crime of the second degree (N.J.S.A. 2C:20-39) · Recruiter for a pyramid promotional scheme: crime of the fourth degree (N.J.S.A. 2C:20-39)
Which New Jersey statute covers participation in pyramid promotional scheme, crime, penalties?
Participation in pyramid promotional scheme, crime, penalties is governed by N.J.S.A. 2C:20-39 (Participation in pyramid promotional scheme, crime, penalties).
This reference is informational and is not legal advice.